A morphometric analysis of Thrips tabaci Lindeman species complex (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

The onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is a cryptic species complex of three distinct lineages: L1, L2, and T, which exhibit considerable variation in their biological and ecological traits. The most accurate method for their identification is based on molecular techniques. This study aimed to investigate the morphometric variation of T. tabaci cryptic species complex and to distinguish characters that may be useful in discriminating the lineages. For this purpose, morphometric measurements were performed on the eggs, newly hatched first instar larvae, and newly emerged adults. Our results revealed significant differences in egg size between the three lineages. Moreover, the PCA analysis conducted on morphometric measurements of the first instar larvae and adults showed that females of the T lineage are very well separated from the females of the L lineages in the adult stage but not in the first instar larval stage. The distinction between the females is partially congruent with the results of genetic studies. Moreover, our results indicate that adult sexual dimorphism with regard to size in L1 and T lineages is not mediated by the size of eggs and first instar larvae, and this may be due to the different growth rates of males and females.

Correction: Loredo Varela, R.C.; Fail, J. Host Plant Association and Distribution of the Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci Cryptic Species Complex. Insects 2022, 13, 298.

In the original publication [...].

Host Plant Association and Distribution of the Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci Cryptic Species Complex.

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a pest of economic importance traditionally treated as a polyphagous, cosmopolitan single species. Recent genetic evidence, however, suggests that it is rather a cryptic species complex of three lineages referred to by their host association and displaying different biological and ecological characteristics: leek-associated 1, leek-associated 2 and tobacco-associated. This study reviews host plant associations and distribution of the lineages of this cryptic species complex and discusses its consequences from an agronomical perspective. Overall, leek-associated 2 lineage has the broadest host range, including major crops from different plant families, and it is the only lineage with a confirmed worldwide distribution. Leek-associated 1 lineage shares some host plants with leek-associated 2. It is often found in Allium crops and its geographic distribution is limited to a few dozen countries. Finally, tobacco-associated lineage has only been collected from tobacco and their associated weeds in central and east Europe, and the Middle East. Additionally, this work presents a list of 391 plant species on which breeding and development of T. tabaci occurs, regardless of lineage. These host plant species belong to 64 different families, most importantly Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, and Solanaceae.

Prevalencia de anemia en niñas/os de 6 a 48 meses que concurren a dos CAIF de la ciudad de Salto / Prevalência de anemia em crianças de 6 a 48 meses que concorrem a centros de atenção a primeira infância da cidade de salto / Prevalence of anemia in 6 to 48 month children attending to an infancy primary care center of salto city

Introducción. La anemia en los niños es un problema de salud pública importante en nuestro país, siendo la anemia por deficiencia de hierro la más frecuente. La frecuencia de anemia en el interior del país es mayor a lo observado en Montevideo. Sin embargo, no existen datos específicos del Departamento de Salto. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de anemia en niños y niñas de 6 a 48 meses que concurren a dos Centros de Atención a la Primera Infancia (CAIF) de la ciudad de Salto y analizar los factores de riesgo asociados. Metodología. Se determino los niveles de hemoglobina por punción digital en 240 niños de dos CAIF, se relevaron los antecedentes perinatales del carnet del niño/a y datos de ancestralidad por medio de una encuesta a los responsables de los niños. Resultados. La prevalencia de anemia fue de 22,5% en toda la muestra, siendo levemente mayor en el CAIF2 (27,4%) que en el CAIF1(18,4%). La frecuencia de anemia fue significativamente menor en los niños que tuvieron lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 meses de edad, mientras que las restantes variables analizadas no presentaron asociación con la anemia. Conclusiones. La disminución observada de la frecuencia de anemia comparada con lo reportado en 2011 sugiere que las políticas de fortificación con hierro de los alimentos y de administración de hierro profiláctico a niños entre 6 y 24 meses ha sido positiva. Adicionalmente, la menor frecuencia de anemia observada en el CAIF1 indica la importancia de la acción coordinada entre los servicios de salud y la sociedad.

Introduction. Anemia in children is a public health problem in Uruguay, being iron deficiency anemia the most frequent etiology. The anemia prevalence is higher in regions or cities different to Montevideo. However, there is no specific data from the Salto city. Objectives. Determine and compare the prevalence of anemia in children aged 6 to 48 months from two educational institutions (CAIFs) in the city of Salto and analyze the associated risk factors. Methodology. The hemoglobin levels were determined by digital puncture in 240 children of two CAIFs, the perinatal data were obtained from the child>s card and a survey to family was used to obtain ancestry data. Results The prevalence of anemia was 22.5% in the entire sample, being slightly higher in CAIF2 (27.4%) than in CAIF1 (18.4%). The frequency of anemia is significantly lower in children who had exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age, while the other variables analyzed were not associated with anemia. Conclusions. The prevalence of anemia observed is lower than 2011 suggesting that the policies of iron fortification of food and administration of prophylactic iron to children between 6 and 24 months has been positive. Additionally, the lower anemia frequency observed in CAIF1 than observed in CAIF2 indicates the importance.

Introdução. A anemia é um problema de saúde pública importante em nosso pais, sendo a anemia por deficiência de ferro a mais frequente. A frequência de anemia no interior do pais é maior ao observado em Montevideo. Porém, não existem dados específicos do Departamento de Salto. Objetivos. Determinar a prevalência de anemia em crianças de 6 a 48 meses que concorrem a dois Centros de Atenção da Primeira Infância (CAIF) da cidade do Salto e analisar os fatores de risco associado. Metodologia. Determinaramse os níveis de hemoglobina por punção digital em 240 crianças dos CAIF, relevaramse os antecedentes perinatais das carteiras das crianças e os dados de ancestralidade por médio de um questionário aos responsáveis das crianças. Resultados. Na amostra completa, a prevalência de anemia foi de 22,5%, com uma porcentagem levemente maior no CAIF2 (24,4%) em comparação com o CAIF1 (18,4%). A frequência de anemia foi significativamente menor nas crianças que tiveram lactância materna exclusiva até os 6 meses de idade, entanto que o resto das variáveis analisadas não apresentaram associações com à anemia. Conclusão. A diminuição observada da frequência de anemia quando comparada com o reportado em 2011 sugere que as políticas de fortificação com ferro dos alimentos e de administração profilática com ferro em crianças entre 6 e 24 meses tem sido positiva. Adicionalmente, a menor frequência de anemia observada no CAIF1 indica a importância da ação coordenada entre os serviços de saúde e sociedade.

Vocación quirúrgica / Surgical vocation

Describir y delimitar el proceso de vocación quirúrgica y las variables que se le asocian. Diseño. Estudio cuali-cuantitativo, transversal, de casos seleccionados, analizados con propósito descriptivo. Metodología. Previo consentimiento informado se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, audio-grabadas, a un grupo de 40 cirujanos en ejercicio. Principales medidas de resultados. Vocación quirúrgica. Resultados. Fueron de sexo masculino 95 por ciento, edad promedio 65 años (41 a 86 años), promedio de años de experiencia médica 35,4 (10 a 68), promedio de experiencia quirúrgica 30,2 años (3 a 59). De la formación profesional, 85 por ciento correspondió al sistema de residentado quirúrgico universitario y 15 por ciento al de especialidad no escolarizada. La vocación quirúrgica es un proceso que puede iniciarse en diferentes etapas de la vida. Cuando ocurre previo a los estudios universitarios (17,5 por ciento de la muestra estudiada) se asocia a alta influencia familiar (padre o tíos cirujanos). Más frecuentemente (80 por ciento) emerge durante el pregrado, al influjo de diversos estímulos formativos que provee la propia escuela de formación médica y/o docentes paradigmáticos. En un caso (2,5 por ciento), la vocación había nacido muy temprana, sin que el entrevistado pudiera explicar su origen. Conclusiones: La vocación quirúrgica se sustenta en una sólida vocación de servicio. El cirujano con real vocación experimenta placer en la realización de las actividades quirúrgicas, a la par que visualiza el manejo del paciente y su familia de manera integral y ética. Finalmente, se discuten nuevas hipótesis de investigación en esta área surgidas del estudio y se dan recomendaciones para la enseñanza profesional de la cirugía incluyendo la ética como una necesidad básica de ella...

To describe and delimit the surgical vocation process and associated factors. Design. Selected cases cross-sectional study qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed withdescriptive purpose. Methods. Previous informed consent in depth audio-recorded interviews was carried out in 40 surgeons in current professional practice. Main outcome measures. Surgical vocation. Results. Males represented 95 per cent; mean age was 65 years (41-86), mean medical experience 35.4 years (10-68), surgical experience 30.2 years (03-59). Training centers: 85 per cent had university surgical training and 15 per cent non-university training. Surgical vocation is a process that can begin in different periods of the life's cycle. When it does before university studies (17.5 per cent of the studied sample) it is mainly associated to strong family influence (parents or uncles surgeons). More frequently (80 per cent) it emerges during medical undergraduate studies, under the influence of diverse formative stimuli provided by the medical school and/or paradigmatic professors. In one case (2.5 per cent) surgical vocation had emerged at an early age whose origin the interviewed could not explain. Conclusions. Surgical vocation is based on solid service vocation. The surgeon with substantive vocation experiences real pleasure in doing surgical activities being oriented to a comprehensive and ethical management of patient and family. Finally, new research hypothesis produced by this study in this area are discussed and recommendations are given for professional teaching of surgery including Ethics as a basic need in surgeon's training...

Implante craneano individual de gran volumen en polimetilmetacrilato demetilo a partir de un prototipo rápido: reporte de un caso / Development of individual cranial implant large in PMMA from a rapid prototype: a case report

Se realizó la reconstrucción aloplástica de un gran defecto de cráneo de etiología traumática, en una paciente de sexo femenino de 24 años de edad. Debido a la particular complejidad del caso, se utilizó una técnica para la construcción de la prótesis que involucró el procesamiento imagenológico 3D, asistido por ordenador y la posterior confección de un prototipo rápido. Sobre este prototipo se realizó la planifi cación y reconstrucción protésica, obteniendo un implante craneano interno de gran volumen, con absoluta exactitud. La inter-relación de distintas especialidades del área de la salud, fue imprescindible para la solución de este caso, posicionando a la disciplina de la Prótesis Buco Maxilo Facial denro de la más alta medicina rehabilitadora integral. El procedimiento empleado resultó adecuado, para reconstruir defectos internos complejos de restitución ósea, en comparación a los métodos empleados hasta el momento.

Alloplastic reconstruction was performed of a large skull defect of traumatic etiology in a female patient 24 years of age. Due to the particular complexity of the case a technique for denture construction had to be used, involving 3D imaging processing, computer aided and the subsequent production of a rapid prototype. This enabled the planning and prosthetic reconstruction on a rapid prototype, obtaining a large internal cranial implant volume, with absolute accuracy. The inter-relationship of different specialties in the area of health was essential to resolving this case, positioning the discipline of Maxillofacial Prosthesis within the highest integral medicine. This procedure was the adequate to reconstruct complex internal defects of bone restitution, compared to the methods used so far.